1. Write the full forms of the given abbreviations:
a. MIT – Massachusetts Institute of Technology
b. LED – Light Emitting Diode
c. IDE – Integrated Development Environment
d. UNO – Universal Network Object (In Arduino, it stands for Arduino UNO board)
e. IDE – Integrated Development Environment
2. Choose the best answer:
1. To make your program generate results, you can use an event block called ________.
Answer: (c) both (a) and (b)
2. The background image in the stage area is called ________.
Answer: (c) backdrop
3. Which type of block in Scratch is used to repeat actions?
Answer: (b) Control Block
4. What is the primary use of “sensing blocks” in Scratch?
Answer: (b) To detect events like key presses or mouse clicks
5. There are ____ extensions in Scratch programming.
Answer: (c) 11
6. “ask What’s your name? and wait” is an example of _______ block.
Answer: (a) sensing
7. Which block in Scratch for micro:bit programming is used to display text or patterns on the LED matrix?
Answer: (a) Show LEDs Block
8. What are devices like Micro:bit and Arduino used for?
Answer: (d) All of the above
3. Write short answers to these questions:
a. What is Scratch?
Scratch is a block-based visual programming language developed by MIT that helps beginners, especially students, learn programming concepts by creating stories, animations, and games using blocks instead of text code.
b. List down the components of Scratch interface.
The main components of the Scratch interface are:
1. Stage area
2. Sprite list
3. Blocks palette
4. Script area
5. Toolbar and menu bar
c. What is a micro:bit? Give any two applications of micro:bit.
A micro:bit is a small programmable microcontroller board developed by the BBC for learning digital skills.
Applications:
1. Creating simple games and animations
2. Building temperature or motion-based projects
d. How does a micro:bit help in physical computing?
A micro:bit connects the physical world to the digital one by using sensors and outputs. It allows users to control lights, motors, or measure physical conditions like temperature and motion using programming.
e. What is ATmega328P?
ATmega328P is an 8-bit microcontroller chip used in Arduino UNO boards. It handles data processing, memory storage, and communication between hardware and software.
4. Write long answers to these questions:
a. Define block programming along with its features.
Block programming is a visual way of coding where users create programs by stacking graphical blocks instead of typing text commands.
Features:
• Drag-and-drop interface
• Easy to understand and beginner-friendly
• Color-coded blocks for different functions
• Error-free syntax
b. What are the applications of block programming? Explain in brief.
Block programming is widely used in:
• Education: Teaching coding to beginners and children (e.g., Scratch).
• Robotics: Controlling robots using block-based commands.
• IoT and microcontrollers: Programming devices like micro:bit and Arduino.
• Game design: Creating interactive animations and games easily.
c. How is block programming different from traditional text-based programming?
| Basis | Block Programming | Text-Based Programming |
| Interface | Uses graphical blocks | Uses written code |
| Errors | Fewer syntax errors | Prone to typing mistakes |
| Learning | Easy for beginners | Requires coding knowledge |
| Examples | Scratch, Blockly | Python, C, Java |
d. What are blocks in block programming? Describe the block components of Scratch programming language.
Blocks are visual coding elements that represent different programming commands or actions.
Scratch block components include:
1. Motion blocks: Move and rotate sprites.
2. Looks blocks: Change appearance or display messages.
3. Sound blocks: Add or play sounds.
4. Events blocks: Start actions when triggered.
5. Control blocks: Repeat or manage program flow.
6. Sensing blocks: Detect conditions and inputs.
7. Operators blocks: Perform calculations and logic.
8. Variables blocks: Store and handle data.
e. What is an Arduino UNO? Write down its types of components.
Arduino UNO is a popular microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P chip. It is used for electronic projects and physical computing.
Components include:
1. Microcontroller (ATmega328P)
2. Power supply and USB port
3. Digital and analog pins
4. Reset button
5. Voltage regulator
6. LEDs and crystal oscillator
f. What is a microcontroller? What is it used for?
A microcontroller is a small computer on a single chip that includes a processor, memory, and input/output ports.
Uses:
• Controls electronic devices and systems
• Used in embedded systems like washing machines, sensors, robots, and Arduino boards
g. You are given a program where the cat sprite rotates 90° and says “Namaste” when the sprite is clicked. List and explain the block components used in this program.
The program uses three main blocks:
1. Event block: “when sprite clicked” – starts the program when the cat is clicked.
2. Motion block: “turn 90 degrees” – rotates the cat sprite by 90°.
3. Looks block: “say Namaste for 2 seconds” – makes the cat say “Namaste” on the stage.
Explanation:
When the user clicks on the cat sprite, the event block triggers the program. The motion block rotates the sprite, and then the looks block displays the greeting message “Namaste.”
